Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology and Its Origins
The Basics of the Nanoscale
Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles
Fullerenes
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT)
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT)
Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Absorptive Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Perfluorocarbons
Inorganic Nanoparticles
Types of Biocompatible Inorganic Metal Nanoparticles
Gold Nanoshells
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
Silver Nanoparticles
Other Types of Biocompatible Nanoparticles
Dendrimers
Micelles and Liposomes
Nanotools
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Atomic Force Microscope
Commercial Nanotools - The nProberTM
Current Manufacturing Research
Top-Down Approach
Bottom-Up Approach
Atomically Precise Manufacturing
Bionanotechnology
Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology's Potential Impact on Medicine
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 2 - Nanoparticles and Hyperthermic Cancer Therapeutics
Nanoparticles and Thermal Ablation
Mechanisms of Action
Metals and Light
Metals and Radiofrequency Waves
Carbon Nanotubes and Radiofrequency Waves
Carbon Nanotubes and Light
Carbon Nanotubes, Heat and Cancer Therapeutics
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles, Magnetism and Mechanism of Action
Treatable Types of Cancer
Non-specific, Localized Use of Nanoparticles for Tumor Ablation
Targeting Nanoparticles to Specific Sites for Tumor Ablation
Targeting Agents
Monoclonal Antibodies
Small Molecules
Aptamers
Peptides
Targeting Moiety Attachment
Covalent Attachment
Non-covalent Attachment
In Vivo Anticancer Platform Delivery
Localized Injection
Intravenous Injection
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 3 - Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds and Tissue Engineering
Composition and Types of Nanofibers
Natural Polymeric Nanofibers
Collagen
Chitosan
Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
Gelatin
Silk Fibroin
Human Protein
Synthetic Polymeric Nanofibers
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)
Synthetic Non-Polymeric Nanofibers
Carbon Nanofibers
Techniques for the Synthesis of Nanofibers
Electrospinning
Self-Assembly
Phase Separation
Nanofiber Applications in Tissue Engineering
Bone, Cartilage and Ligaments
Skin
Vasculature
Nanofiber Applications in Controlled Drug Delivery
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 4 - Nanotechnology and Neuroscience
Nanomaterial Scaffolds and Neuroregeneration
Carbon Nanotube-Based Neuronal Matrices
Neuronal Nanotube Matrices from Other Materials
Nanomaterials for Crossing the Blood/Brain Barrier
Micelles
Liposomes
Dendrimers
Nanoparticles
Nanogels
Nanomaterials and Neuroprotection
Nanoparticle-Based Oxides (Anti-oxidants)
Fullerenes
Cells as Nanomaterial Carriers for Clinical Neuroscience
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 5 - Nanotechnology and Surgery
Implant and Surgical Instrument Design
Nanocoatings for Implants
Nanomaterial Adsorption and Adhesion
Nanostructured Diamond Coatings
Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Nanostructured Metalloceramic Coatings
Nanopolymer Scaffolds
Minimizing Surgical Damage
Nanopulses
Nanocoatings for Surgical Instruments
Post-Surgical and Other Wound Healing
Point of Entry Repair
Laser-Assisted Nanosutures
Nanofiber-Based Bandages
Antisepsis
Antibiotic Nanocoatings
Nanosilver
Intracellular Nanosurgery
Laser-Based Nanosurgery
Non-laser-based Intracellular Nanosurgery
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 6 - Nanomatrices for Cell Culture
A Brief History of Tissue (Cell) Culture
Types of Cells Cultured
Manipulation of Cultured Cells
2D or Not 2D?
3D Cell Culture and the Issues of Scale and Purity
Synthetic Nanofiber Scaffolds
Polymer-Based
Ultra-Web®
PLLA-Based
Carbon Nanofiber-Based
Natural Nanofiber Scaffolds
Collagen-Based
Silk Fibroin-Based
Chitosan-Based
Biocomposites
Three-Dimensional Self-Assembling Peptides
Cellularizing Nanofiber Scaffolds
Optimizing Nanoscaffold Architecture for Cellularization
Cell Seeding within the Nanomatrix
Other Nanotechnology-Based Cell Culture Systems
Titanium-Based Systems
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Systems
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 7 - Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Targeted Drug Delivery - Basic Principles
Active Targeted Drug Delivery
Passive Targeted Drug Delivery
Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery - Basic Requirements
Types of Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Drug Delivery
Synthetic Polymer-Based Nanoparticles
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polyacrylate (PACA)
Dendrimers
Synthetic Metal-Based Nanoparticles
Iron-Oxide
Fullerenes
Buckyballs (C60)
Buckysomes
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Natural Material-Based Nanoparticles
Liposomes
Liposomal Nanoparticles and Targeting Inflammation
Chitosan
Gelatin
Albumin
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 8 - Nanodiagnostics
In Vitro Nanodiagnostics
Nanobiochips and Nanobiosensors
Cantilever Biosensors
Nanolaser Scanning Confocal Spectroscopy
Mass Spectroscopy and Nanoproteomics
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanobiosensors
In Vivo Nanodiagnostics
Gold Nanoparticles
"Golden" Carbon Nanotubes
Magnetic Nanoparticles
Perfluorocarbons
Quantum Dots
Liposomes and Micelles as Diagnostic Metal Nanoparticle Carriers
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 9 - Government Influence on Nanotechnology
Government Promotion of Advancements in Nanomedicine
U.S. Government Funding and Initiatives
U.S. Federal Funding for Nanomedicine
U.S. Presidential Influence
The Federal Government's National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
The U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) .. 383
U.S. State Funding and Initiatives
Missouri
New York
Texas
Australian Government Funding and Initiatives
Victorian Government
Canadian Government Funding and Initiatives
European Funding and Initiatives
Nano2Life
European Technology Platform (ETP) in Nanomedicine
Singaporean Government Funding and Initiatives
Mexican Government Funding and Initiatives
Global Institutional Collaborations
Global Enterprise for Micro-Mechanics and Molecular Medicine (GEM4)
Government Evaluation, Policy and Regulation of Nanotechnology
The United States
Federal Oversight
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Nanotechnology Task Force
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The U.S. National Research Council
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies
State and Local Oversight
California State Regulation of Carbon Nanotubes
Berkeley, California and the Regulation of Nanoparticles
The European Union
The United Kingdom
The Royal Society's Analysis on the Safety of Nanoparticles
The Council for Science and Technology (CST)
Nanotechnology Engagement Group (NEG)
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
British House of Lords
The Government of the United Kingdom
Australia
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
Monash University and Its Influence on Australia's Regulatory Framework
Canada
Environment Canada
Health Canada
International Efforts at Nanotechnology Regulation
The International Risk Governance Council (IRGC)
The International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON)
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA)
The International Union of Food, Farm and Hotel Workers (IUF)
US/EU Collaborative Efforts
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Chapter 10 - Future Concepts in Nanomedicine
Nanorobotics and Medicine
Nanomolecular Motors and Gears
Rotaxane-Based Nanomotors
Nucleic Acid-Based Nanomotors
Nanotube-Based Nanomotors
Nanogears
Nanocomputers
Electronic Nanocomputers
Mechanical Nanocomputers
Chemical and Biological Nanocomputers
Quantum Nanocomputers
Therapeutic Nanorobots
Respirocytes
Clottocytes
Microbivores
Chromallocytes
Personalized Nanomedicine
Nanoparticle-based Theranostics
Whole-Genome Diagnostics
Nanonephrology
Nanoneural Interfaces
Optical Imaging at the Nanoscale
Artificial Intelligence and "the Singularity"
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Appendices
Glossary
Suggested Readings
Books and Compilations
Selected Scientific Articles
Figure and Table Acknowledgments
Index
About the Author